Wow! There is a lot of valuable and straightforward doctrine throughout chapter 12 that is really important to understand. In this chapter Alma describes the 3 pillars of the gospel - The Fall, The Atonement, and The Resurrection. I have had a lingering question for a long time about The Fall. It was 'Why would Adam and Eve would be commanded not to eat the fruit if the fruit was the only way to keep the commandment to multiply and replenish the earth? How is it fair that the Lord would give Adam and Eve two conflicting commands?' I have talked to many people and they often given answers to me in a way that seemed obvious to them but always left me still wondering. Today I found this marvelous and succinct quote that REALLY explains the answer:
“I’m very, very grateful that in the Book of Mormon, and I think elsewhere in our scriptures, the fall of Adam has not been called a sin. It wasn’t a sin. . . . What did Adam do? The very thing the Lord wanted him to do; and I hate to hear anybody call it a sin, for it wasn’t a sin. Did Adam sin when he partook of the forbidden fruit? I say to you, no, he did not! Now, let me refer to what was written in the book of Moses in regard to the command God gave to Adam. [Moses 3:16–17.]“Now this is the way I interpret that: The Lord said to Adam, here is the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. If you want to stay here, then you cannot eat of that fruit. If you want to stay here, then I forbid you to eat it. But you may act for yourself, and you may eat of it if you want to. And if you eat it, you will die.
“I see a great difference between transgressing the law and committing a sin” (Joseph Fielding Smith, “Fall—Atonement—Resurrection—Sacrament,” in Charge to Religious Educators, 124).
I am so happy to finally understand this issue I feel like celebrating! (Don't laugh!)
The other subject from these verses that must be discussed is the priesthood power and fore ordination. Alma is explaining how the Lord called on priesthood holders before they came to earth to carry His power on the earth. Here are two thoughtful quotes that help me understand this concept:
“The Prophet Joseph Smith taught that ‘Every man who has a calling to minister to the inhabitants of the world was ordained to that very purpose in the grand council of heaven before this world was.’ [Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith, p. 365.] So likewise declared the Apostle Paul, ‘For whom he did foreknow . . . them he also called.’ (Romans 2:29–30.) But do not misunderstand that such a calling and such foreordination pre-determine what you must do. A prophet on this western continent has spoken plainly on this subject, ‘Being called and prepared from the foundation of the world, according to the foreknowledge of God on account of their exceeding faith and good works; in the first place being left to choose good or evil.’ (Alma 13:3.) This last passage makes the others preceding more understandable. God may have called and chosen men in the spirit world or in their first estate to do a certain work, but whether they will accept that calling here and magnify it by faithful service and good works while in mortality is a matter in which it is their right and privilege to exercise their free agency to choose good or evil.
“. . . I fear there are many among us who because of their faithfulness in the spirit world were ‘called’ to do a great work here, but like reckless spendthrifts they are exercising their free agency in riotous living and are losing their birthright and the blessings that were theirs had they proved faithful to their calling. Hence as the Lord has said, ‘there are many called but few are chosen.’” (Harold B. Lee, Decisions for Successful Living, pp. 168–69).